This section is from the book "The American Garden Vol. XI", by L. H. Bailey. Also available from Amazon: American Horticultural Society A to Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants.
As trucking means trafficking, we deem truck-farming an improper term, and prefer to include in the class "market-gardeners'* all that portion of the cultivators of the soil to whom the above term is now, in some sections, applied. In the olden time, it was said :
"Who by the plow would thrive, Must either hold or drive".
But now, "Who by the plow would thrive, Must both well hold and drive".
Our first need, then, is a light steel plow. In the times of large stumps and costly steel, the heavy cast iron plows may have been a necessity, but now, with our land free from solid obstructions and with cheap steel, we should have a light sharp plow with which one man and one horse can do as much, and do it better than two formerly did. It may be said light steel plows will cost more and not last so long, but as men and horses are more costly than plows, and not so easily replaced, it is true economy to adopt the plan by which the former will last the longer.
The recent disk cutaway harrows and pulverizers are great improvements on the old drags. The best we have yet tried is the Lubin pulverizer. It leaves the soil in fine condition for seed planting without any further treatment.
Among the many drills there should be some that are reliable, but we hear much complaint. In cultivators we have some which do well. As we have more fear of waste by leaching than by the evaporation of fertilizers, we apply them on the surface after plowing and during the growth of the crops, and for mixing them with the ground, the pulverizer referred to excels. It will work coarse manure in without clogging, as harrows and cultivators mostly do. For clearing the rows of weeds, we prefer the rake to the hoe, but can find nothing on the market to suit. The teeth are too short and do not hang at the proper angle. We made some with hardwood heads and steel wire teeth four and one-half inches long and one inch apart. We place the heads on the handles so that the teeth stand at right angles to the surface when the back-bone is nearly perpendicular. This enables us to both push and pull the teeth through the soil. We can pulverize the soil better, and work closer and deeper about the roots than with a hoe For working radishes and plants three inches apart, we use a three-toothed rake, which is two inches in width, and we find it best even for rows six inches apart. The length and closeness of the teeth enables us to pull out weeds by the roots.
Such rakes might be made entirely of steel, and they would work a little better, as there would be no projecting ends ; but so far we have not succeeded in inducing any manufacturer to make them. - R. Brigham, N. J.
[A " handy" blacksmith could fashion the rake referred to at a moderate expense. But in these days of machine work for the smith shop, a really handy country metal worker is scarce ! ]
 
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