This section is from "The Horticulturist, And Journal Of Rural Art And Rural Taste", by P. Barry, A. J. Downing, J. Jay Smith, Peter B. Mead, F. W. Woodward, Henry T. Williams. Also available from Amazon: Horticulturist and Journal of Rural Art and Rural Taste.
(Member of the Imperial and Central Horticultural Society Of Paris.)
During the course of November, when the wood of the vines from which cuttings are to be taken is sufficiently ripe, they are cut so that each shall contain an eye. They are planted in pots of about two inches in diameter, care being taken that the pots are well drained, and filled with good field earth rather light than strong. These slips are planted at such a depth that the top of the eye or knot is almost level with the earth in the pot. Some persons proceed as for ordinary slips - that is to say, they plant slips that are furnished with two buds. After this the pots are buried in a tan-bed formed in a green-house, heated little by little up to 70° or 75° Fahrenheit. The humidity of the atmosphere is maintained by frequently watering the flues, the walls, and the paths. As soon as the young plants begin to develop themselves, air is admitted on fine days; the humid heat is at the same time kept up, that they may receive no check.
When the roots touch the sides of the pots, the slips are placed in new ones about nine inches in diameter, care being taken, as in the first instance, that the pots are well drained. In the repotting, a more substantial soil is employed than before; this is often mixed with fine sand of a white pulverized kind, which, by facilitating the passage of the water, prevents its remaining to stagnate about the roots.
After repotting, the pots are buried in a bed of tan, placed in a green-house of sufficient height to prevent its being necessary to bend the young stems, which must be allowed to grow up without the least obstacle to their straightness. To avoid placing a prop to each plant, which, besides being liable to hurt the roots, is a somewhat tedious operation, iron rods are placed about nine inches above each row of pots the whole length of the green-house, and as the stems attain the requisite height they are fastened to them. Their leaves and the flues are constantly wetted; they are watered when they require it, and more and more air is admitted as the season advances. Only a humidity agreeing with the elevation of the temperature must be carefully kept up - this being most essential to the thorough well-doing of the plant.
Toward the end of August the young plants will be about from one yard and a half to two yards in height, their diameter varying according to the species. Their vegetation now becomes slower, and the quantity of air is increased even during the night; then when the leaves begin to fall, all the plants are buried to a depth covering the pots in beds prepared for them. Laths are fixed to stakes buried in the beds, to which the branches are attached, so that the wind can neither agitate nor break them. On this plan the wood becomes completely ripened, and the plants are then ready for sale. They are usually sold to persons who force them during the following winter in such a manner that these slips bear fruit eighteen months after having been planted.
A few words upon the method most generally employed in forcing these young plants will support what I advanced above - that the slips produce fruit at the period mentioned. The green-houses commonly used for the purpose are of such a slope - the back wall so much higher than the front one - that the frame presents its incline to the full power of the sun. These kinds of green-houses are so much beneath the level of the ground, that the higher wall does not rise above it more than from twenty-four inches to about a yard.
The flues circulate in front of these houses. A shelf placed about six inches above the principal flue serves to support the pots. These preparations finished, the place is gradually heated up to about 60° or 70° Fahrenheit. The pots and flues are frequently wetted, and the upper flue is also often provided with a gutter kept constantly full of water, so as to disengage a vapor which, applied to the sides of the pots, excites vegetation. When the plants begin to bud, a little air is admitted in suitable weather. Openings made in the back and front walls, and closed by shutters, permit the entrance of air, while cold winds are excluded. When the shoots become long enough, they are trained upon the iron rods running along the sides of the frame. The remaining cares consist in nipping off buds, if required, and the necessary waterings, using water as much as possible of the temperature of the forcing-house, which must be kept some degrees higher in the day than at night.
After five or six months of this culture well carried out, the grapes, according to the variety and the period at which their forcing commenced, begin to ripen. The wetting of the flues, etc., is then diminished, and more air given up to the time of gathering the fruit. Once this is over, many persons do not retain the vines, which, to their ideas, are then entirely exhausted.
Vines thus reared frequently produce, notwithstanding the smallness of the pots, grapes of good size, bunches weighing a pound or more being not uncommon. It is true that liquid manures, which need so much care in their successful employment, are much used in this culture.
These facts explain why this mode of cultivation is in such great repute among our neighbors, for it is not rare to meet in England with establishments that each year obtain from two to three thousand plants for the purpose of forcing. - Floral World.
 
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