This section is from "The Horticulturist, And Journal Of Rural Art And Rural Taste", by P. Barry, A. J. Downing, J. Jay Smith, Peter B. Mead, F. W. Woodward, Henry T. Williams. Also available from Amazon: Horticulturist and Journal of Rural Art and Rural Taste.
Liege and Verviers are the only two towns in Belgium in which the Pink, including all the different kinds and classes, is held in honor; and there are in these towns extensive and influential societies for the promotion of the culture and exhibition of this flower. Even at Brussels amateurs would scarcely believe that the growers belonging to the towns already named, can exhibit pots of Dwarf Pinks in which from 180 to 200 flowers may be counted; and yet nothing is more common in these localities where the cultivation of the Pink is established. We may easily perceive with what class of the population the cultivation of Dwarf Pinks is most in favor. If the Pink is not the flower of the rich, neither is it that of the poor. It has more of dignity and greater value: it is the flower of honest labor. At Liege, for instance, the most industrious and the most moral part of the population is that including the colliers, who are famous for the good management of their window gardens, which comprise, in a great meation applies to the artizans and mechanics of Verviera.
In a treatise published by Hoog [? Hogg,] in 1820, we find mentioned the double Dwarf Carnation of Liege, having the flowers sessile, or without much stem. There is also mentioned a Tree Pink, having an under-shrub-like form, growing from five to six feet high, and which was grown on a trellis against a wall. It appears evident that the Dwarf Fink was unknown before the 19th century; and it is not less clear that this interesting creation originated in Belgium. The Dwarf Fink is, indeed, a remarkable plant, and confined to the banks of the Vesdrc and the Weay, two rivers of Yervicrs and Spa. All the dwarf varieties formerly belonged to the series known as bizar-res, the petals being fringed: but at the present day it is the custom, at Verviers, to make all indistinctly dwarf. Thus we see dwarf bi-zarres, dwarf picotees, dwarf flakes, and so on.
There is, however, in cultivation, particularly in the trade, a race of Pinks having flowers smaller than those of the primitive species. They are generally rose purple, red, striated, or white; rarely yellow, or varied in the ground. These Dwarf Pinks would thus seem to claim kindred with the old bizarre, from which they are derived. At the recent exhibition of Pinks, held under the auspices of the Horticultural and Agricultural Society Of Verviers, we had occasion to notice the excellent management which these Dwarf Pinks receive in that quarter. Of these, the productions of Messrs. L'Enfant were particularly deserving of notice. M. Barhon, also, had two specimens, the one having 184 flowers, and the other 178. These were indeed astonishing productions, combining all that is grateful in odor, elegant in form, and ornamental for the drawing-room conservatory.
The Dwarf Pinks of Verviers grow about four inches high: the stems are crowded with blossoms, the number of the flowers being very great; the corolla of a delicate rose color, with the variations. The aroma of these flowers is very agreeable, and nothing can be more suitable for the boudoir or parlor. To produce a specimen such as those alluded to, requires about three years of careful cultivation. These Dwarf Pinks are usually grown in pots, painted outside of a deep green color, and from five to six or seven inches wide at the rim. The most favorable aspect for them, if grown at a window, is that where they may have full exposure to the sun for the greater part of the day. The reflected warmth of the window-sills is also beneficial to their roots. The pots are not quite filled with soil, but to within about an inch of the rim; and, as the leaves extend, and cover
 
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