The operations in these departments, at present, are principally of a routine character. In geometrical gardens, the outlines of the beds ought to be kept distinct, and trim the plants when they grow out over the edging. In tying climbing and trailing plants, do not aim at over-neatness; close tying tends to destroy that gracefulness of disposition which such plants naturally assume when left to themselves. In general, the main stems only will require fastening, allowing the side shoots to take a natural position. '

Many shrubs and plants that are difficult to raise by cuttings, may be increased by layers. A layer may be defined as a cutting only partially separated from the plant. The branch is bent down to the ground, and, at the bend, a cut is made half through the shoot, cutting upwards for about half an inch. Some plants do as well if the shoot is twisted at the bend; anything to check the flow of sap will cause a root formation. The figure shows the appearance of a layer. The line at 1 represents the surface. At 2, the out part is shown, and strong branches will require to be kept in place by a stout peg, as here represented. Nearly all plants, even fir-trees, may be increased by this practice.

Flower Garden And Pleasure Grounds #1

Where the weather will permit, much may be done in preparing for planting, and the formation of lawns. Holes may be prepared for trees, and ground trenched for intended lawns. In making roads and walks, do not dig out deep ditches, and fill up with stone. From nine inches to a foot will be sufficient depth for carriage roads. Break the stones quite fine at the surface, and cover lightly with gravel. Procure gravel, if possible, of a tenacious, irony nature, that will consolidate chemically. No amount of mechanical pressure will form a solid road of gravel or sand, at least for carriage use; the materials must be of a binding nature.