This section is from the "A Manual of Materia Medica and Pharmacology" book, by David M. R. Culbreth. Also available from Amazon: Manual of Materia Medica and Pharmacology.
Xan'thium Struma'rium, Broad Cocklebur; N. America. Achenes 2.5 Cm. (1') long, flat, oblong, without pappus, enclosed in the involucre, which is densely beset with hooked prickles. X. spino'sum, Spiny or Thorny Clotbur; N. America, S. Europe; leaves with spines at base 2.5 Cm. (1') long; fertile axillary burs (achenes) crowned with 1 inconspicuous beak. X canaden'se, and its var. echina'tum; achenes, with 2 stout beaks, hooked, 2.5 Cm. (1') long, densely prickly, hispid; river banks, waste places; var. echinatum, smaller plant -- possibly unworthy of variety distinction.
 
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