Caryophyllum. [Caryophyllus. U. S.] Cloves. The unex-panded flower-bud, dried, of Caryophyllus aromaticus, or Clove Tree; Lin. Syst., Icosandria monogynia; growing in the East Indian Islands, Penang, Bencoolen, and Amboyna.

Caryophylli Oleum, Oil of Cloves. The oil distilled in England from cloves.

Description. The clove is a small, tapering, nail-like body, about six lines long, consisting of a four-toothed calyx, between which the unopened corolla is seen as a round ball; of a dark reddish-brown colour, and hot taste. The oil, light yellow when fresh, sp. gr. 1.055 to 1.060, has the odour and burning taste of the clove. It is one of the few volatile oils heavier than water.

Prop. & Comp. Cloves, besides the volatile oil, contain resin, tannin, and woody fibre. The volatile oil consists of a hydrocarbon (C20 H15), holding in solution eugenic acid (C20 H12 O4,), and a crystallizable body, caryophylline (C20 H19 O2), isomeric with camphor; and lastly, eugenine, probably isomeric with eugenic acid.

Off. Prep. Infusum Caryophylli. Infusion of Cloves. (Bruised cloves, quarter of an ounce; boiling distilled water, ten fluid ounces.) [Bruised cloves one hundred and twenty grains; Boiling water, a pint. U. S.]

Cloves are contained also in Pulvis Aromaticus. (See Cinnamon.)

Therapeutics. Cloves and the oil are stimulant, aromatic, and carminative; employed in atonic dyspepsia, to allay vomiting in pregnancy and relieve flatulence. The oil may be used as an adjunct to purgatives; or locally to arrest the pain of carious teeth.

Pose. Of the powdered clove, 5 gr. to 20 gr., or more; of the infusion, 1 fl. oz. to 2 fl. oz.; of the oil, 1 min. to 5 min., or more.

Incompatibles. Solutions containing cloves strike black with salts of iron, on account of the tannin.

Pimenta. Pimento. The unripe fruit of Eugenia pimenta, the Pimento or Allspice Tree; Lin. Syst., Icosandria monogynia; growing in the West Indian Islands.

Pimentae oleum. Oil of Pimento. The oil distilled from fruit in England.

Description. Pimento is a small round two-celled berry rather larger than pepper; brown and rough on the surface, crowned with the teeth of the calyx, and containing two seeds; of an aromatic odour, and hot, aromatic taste.

Prop. & Comp. The volatile oil, yellow, heavier than water, consists of two portions, like that of cloves, with which it appears to be identical; besides which allspice contains a fixed oil, resini tannic acid, and less important ingredients. The cortical portion is the most active.

Off. Prep. Aqua Pimentae. Pimento water. [Not officinal in U. S. P.] (Pimento, bruised, fourteen ounces; water, two gallons. Let a gallon distil.)

Therapeutics. The same as cloves.

Dose. Of the powder, 5 gr. to 20 gr. or more; of aqua pimentae 1 fl. oz. to 2 fl. oz.; of the oil, 1 min. to 5 min.

Oleum Cajuputi. Oil of Cajeput. The oil distilled from the leaves of Melaleuca minor, [Melaleuca Cajuputi. U. S.] or Cajeput Tree; Lin. Syst., Polyadelphia icosandria; growing in the Molucca Islands. The oil is imported from thence.

Description. A very transparent mobile oil, of a fine pale bluish-green colour, with a strong camphoraceous and cardamomlike odour and taste; a small quantity only is yielded by the leaves.

Prop. & Comp. Sp. gr. 0.914; when distilled at first a colourless oil passes over. Formula (C10 H9 O).

Off. Prep. Spiritus Cajuputi. Spirit of Cajeput. [Not officinal in U. S. P.] Oil of cajeput, one fluid ounce; rectified spirit, nine fluid ounces.)

Therapeutics. A powerful topical and general stimulant and antispasmodic, employed in flatulent colic, hysteria, and cholera; also in chronic rheumatism and low states of the system. Externally, when mixed with olive oil, it is used over chronic rheumatic and gouty parts.

Dose. 1 min. to 5 min., or more; of spiritus cajuputi, 10 min. to 1 fl. drm. or upwards.

Adulteration. Copper has been detected in certain samples, but is not essential to the green colour of the oil. Camphor, dissolved in oil of rosemary, and coloured by copper, is said to have been substituted for the genuine oil.