Poplar And Cottonwood

(see also Tulip Wood) Wood light, very soft, not strong, of fine texture, and whitish, grayish, to yellowish color, usually with a satiny luster. The wood shrinks moderately (some crossgrained forms warp excessively) but checks little; is easily worked but is not durable. Used as building and furniture lumber, in cooperage for sugar and flour barrels, for crates and boxes (especially cracker boxes), for wooden ware and paper pulp.

105. Cottonwood (Populus Monilifera)

Large-sized tree; forms considerable forests along many of the Western streams, and furnishes most of the cottonwood of the market. Mississippi Valley and west; New England to the Rocky Mountains.

106. Balsam (Populus Balsamifera) (Balm Of Gilead)

Medium to large sized tree; common all along the northern boundary of the United States.

107. Black Cottonwood (Populus Trichocarpa)

The largest deciduous tree of Washington; very common. Northern Rocky Mountains and Pacific region.

108. Cottonwood (Populus Fremontii Var. Wislizeni)

Medium to large sized tree, common. Texas to California.

109. Poplar (Populus Grandidentata)

Medium-sized tree, chiefly used for pulp. Maine to Minnesota and southward along the Alleghanies.

110. Aspen (Populus Tremuloides)

Small to medium sized tree, often forming extensive forests and covering burned areas. Maine to Washington and northward, south in the Western mountains to California and New Mexico.

Red Gum

(See Gum.)

Sassafras. 111. Sassafras (Sassafras Sassafras)

Wood light, soft, not strong, brittle, of coarse texture, durable; sap-wood yellow, heart orange brown. Used in cooperage, for skiffs, fencing, etc. Medium-sized tree, largest in the lower Mississippi Valley, from New England to Texas and from Michigan to Florida.

Sour Gum

(See Gum.)

Sweet Gum

(See Gum.)

Sycamore. 112. Sycamore (Platanus Occidentalis) (Buttonwood, Buttonball Tree, Water Beech)

Wood moderately heavy, quite hard, stiff, strong, tough, usually cross-grained, of coarse texture, and white to light brown color; the wood is hard to split and work, shrinks moderately, warps and checks considerably, but stands well. It is used extensively for drawers, backs, bottoms, etc., in cabinetwork, for tobacco boxes, in cooperage, and also for finishing lumber, where it has too long been underrated. A large tree, of rapid growth, common and largest in the Ohio and Mississippi valleys, at home in nearly all parts of the eastern United States. The California species -

113. Platanus raeemosa resembles in its wood the Eastern form.

Tulip Wood

114. Tulip Tree (Liriodendron Tulipifera) (Yellow Poplar, White Wood)

Wood quite variable in weight, usually light, soft, stiff but not strong, of fine texture, and yellowish color; the wood shrinks considerably, but seasons without much injury; works and stands remarkably well. Used for siding, for paneling and finishing lumber in house, car, and ship building, for sideboards, and panels of wagons and carriages; also in the manufacture of furniture, implements and machinery, for pump logs, and almost every kind of common wooden ware, boxes, shelving, drawers, etc. An ideal wood for the carver and toy man. A large tree, does not form forests, but is quite common, especially in the Ohio Basin; occurs from New England to Missouri and southward to Florida.

115. Cucumber Tree (Magnolia Acuminata)

A medium-sized tree, most common in the southern Alleghanies, but distributed from New York to Arkansas, southward to Alabama and northward to Illinois. Resembling, and probably confounded with, tulip wood in the markets.

Tupelo

(See Gum).

Walnut

116. Black Walnut (Juglans Nigra)

Wood heavy, hard, strong, of coarse texture; the narrow sapwood whitish, the heartwood chocolate brown. The wood shrinks moderately in drying, works and stands well, takes a good polish, is quite handsome, and has been for a long time the favorite cabinet wood in this country. Walnut, formerly used even for fencing, has become too costly for ordinary uses, and is today employed largely as a veneer, for inside finish and cabinetwork; also in turnery, for gunstocks, etc. Black walnut is a large tree, with stout trunk, of rapid growth, and was formerly quite abundant throughout the Alleghany region, occurring from New England to Texas, and from Michigan to Florida.

White Walnut

(See Butternut).

White Wood

(See Tulip, and also Basswood).

Yellow Poplar

(See Tulip).