The following may be of use to the handy man in an emergency. It is a simply-constructed pipe valve:

Take a piece of pipe A of the required size and bore a hole B in it at right angles. This hole must be of the same size as the internal diameter of the pipe A. Take a round piece of iron or brass the same size as the hole B, and cut threads on one end. File it to a flat diamond shape at D, and file the top square for a wrench as at E. Put a pin through it at F, letting it project on both sides. Put a washer on just below the pin, and run the rod through the hole. Put on another washer on the projecting end, and screw a nut on it. This will answer very well in an emergency, and will be found very durable.

Fig. 87 - An emergency pipe valve.