Sec. 12. A small initial hook, on the Left side of any upright or inclined straight stem except Bay; on the lower side of Ray. Kay, and Gay; or on the inner side of a curved stem: indicates that the sound of R occurs immediately after the stem.

a. The consonants thus combined are named Per, Ber, etc., and vowels may be written before or after them in the same manner as to simple stems. [Lines 3-11.)

R-Hook Contractions

b. When R is the last of two or more consonants in an outline, and is immediately preceded and followed by vowels, the stem must be used; also, when R is the last sound in a word and two vowels occur between it and a preceding stem; and generally when a long vowel precedes the sound of R. (Lines 1-3.) c. Words ending with -rer, may be distinguished from those ending with -rier, by writing the former with Ar and the latter with Ray. (Line 4.) d. Phrasing. - The R-hook adds to a word-sign the word Or, Were, or Her. (Line 5.)

Key to Line 5. - Two-or-three. When-or-where. What-were-they. They-were. You-were. We-were. Where-were. Which-were. There-were. For-her With-her. When-her.

Write Exercise VIII. of the Speed-book.