432. According to the Graham system (not the Pitman) thr, tr and dr may, by doubling, be added to a straight stroke as well as a curve. Heavy straight consonants, when made double length for this purpose, are to be made tapering, thus:

Applied to the straight strokes, the doubling principle gives us such phrases as had there

by their

give their

where there

A doublelength straight stroke, like a double-length curved stroke, may take on additional words by means of initial or final hooks. As already explained in connection with double-length curves, an initial hook takes effect before the doubling, and a final hook afterward. Thus, in the phrase by all their own

all, expressed by the l hook, reads before

their; and own, expressed by the n hook, reads after. By means of an n hook, the Graham writer may add to a double-length straight stroke own, one or not; and by means of an f-v hook, have, ever, for or fore. Illustrations: by their own

it will therefore

state whether (or) not

In certain cases where no ambiguity will result, the doubling may imply other or whether. Illustrations:

each other

such other

state whether you are

Exercise

433. In the following phrases, there, their, they are, other and whether are expressed, according to the Graham system, by double-lengthing; all and will by the l hook; and the syllable -fore in therefore by the f-v hook:

ask their attention

ask their leave

ask their permission

ask whether it is

ask whether their (k, the last stoke of ask, is made triple length to add whether their or whether they are)

ask whether they are done

ask whether you may

at all other places at other places at their at their own at their pleasure

be there

be therefore

be their own

believe their

believe therefore

believe they are right

by all their

by all their life

by all their love

by all their own

by their

by their money

by their own

by their reason

by their request

by their resolution

do their

do therefore

do there exist

each other

each other one

each therefore

give their

give their own

give their time (tm)

give therefore

had there

had therefore

had there existed

had their own

had their reasons

I believe there is

I do therefore

I had their leave (I. D.)

it will therefore

state their

state their case

state their matter

state their reasons

state whether

state whether he knows

state whether (or) not

state whether there is (t, the last consonant of state, is made triple length to add whether there)

state whether you can

such (an) other one

such other

such therefore

tell there

tell their own

tell whether there is (t,

the last consonant of tell, is made triple length to add whether there

tell whether there may

tell whether there must

till there can

till therefore

till there is

till there must be

till there seems to be

till there should be

till they are ready

till they are received

till they are right

to their own*

to other*

to other cases

to other matters

to other persons

where there

where there are

where there is

where there is not

where there never

where they are at present

where they are engaged

where they are now

which are there

which are therefore

which are their own

which therefore

which there is not

which they are sure

which will therefore

*To, ordinarily written with a tick, is in these cases represented by the stroke t in order to facilitate the phrases to other and to their.