Notes

(a) The Sun, Mars or Saturn and not the waning Moon, according to Badarayana- Again, if both a benefic and a malefic planet occupy the rising sign, the reduction is for the planet nearest the rising point.

(b) Taking the fraction of the rising Navamsa also into account.

(c) The reduction is known as Krurodayaharana.

(d) According to Saravali, the number of years of reduction is obtained by multiplying the total number of years already obtained by the number of Navamsas of the rising sign that have risen above the horizon and dividing the product by 108 - the total number of Navamsas of the Zodiac. In this view, the Commentator concurs. The text is capable of both the meanings.

5. The maximum length of life of man and the elephant is 120 years and 5 days, that of the horse is 32 years, that of the ass and the camel is 25 years, that of the buffalo and the ox is 24 years, that of the dog (a) is 12 years, and that of the goat and the like (b) is 16 years.

Notes

To find out the length of life of an animal. Make the calculation as for a man and multiply the result by the maximum period of life of the particular animal and divide the product by 120 years and 5 days. The result will be the .length of life of the animal required, 9

(a) Dog and animals with claws, such as the cat, the tiger, the lion, and the like.

(b) Goat, the deer and the like.

6. The length of life of a person born when the last Navamsa of Pisces is rising, when Mercury has just passed 25 minutes in sign Taurus and when all the other planets occupy their exaltation signs is the maximum period of 120 years and 5 days.

Notes

The horoscope referred to in the text is given below.

As all planets excepting Mercury are in their exaltation signs (and in their exaltation degrees as supposed by the Commentator) the years given by such planets are the maximum years assigned to them. The maximum number of years of Mercury, when in his exaltation degree, viz., the 15th degree of Virgo is 12, and when in his depression degree, viz , the 15th degree of Pisces, is 6. The remaining 15 degrees of Pisces give us 6 months. Sign Aries gives us a year. Now the first degree of Taurus gives us 12 days and therefore 25 minutes of the 1st degree give us 12/60 x 25 = 5 days. So that, the years of

Mercury = 6 years + 6 mouths + 1 year+ 5 days =7 years, 6 months and 5 days.

Again, as the end of sign Pisces was rising, according to the Commentator, the nine Navamsas of sign Pisces give us 9 years; so that we have the following:-

Now, the reduction known as Chakrapataharana is to be made from the years of Mars and Saturn, these two being malefic planets the former occupying the 11th house and the latter the 8th house from the rising sign. The amount of reduction therefore is one-half in the case of Mars and one-fifth in the case of Saturn. Accordingly, after making the reduction, the years of Mars will be 7 1/2 and those of Saturn will be 16. Reductions known as Satrukshetra-harana, Astangata-harana and Krurodaya-harana have not to be made in this case. The resulting years, therefore, are -

7. This Pindayurdaya method has also been treated of, by Vishnugupta (a), Devaswami and Siddhasena. Rejecting the age of 8, the period of Balarishta or early death (b), the main fault in this Pindayurdaya is, that, in no case, it give us years less than 20 (c).

Notes

(a) Visbnugupta is otherwise known as Chanakya.

(b) To which none of the Ayurdaya rules apply.

(c) The Commentator considers that this stanza is not the Author's; the objection to Pindayurdaya raised in it, he meets as follows by proving that Pindayurdaya docs give years below 20. He takes the following horoscope. The first Navamsa of Aquarius is the Lagna; the Sun, the Moon and Venus occupy their exaltation degrees; Mercury Jupiter and Saturn occupy their depression degrees, and Mars occupies the 28th degree of sign Aquarius.

Now, as the Sun, the Moon and Venus are in their exaltation degrees, their years are respectively 19, 25 and 21; and as Mercury, Jupiter and Saturn occupy their depression degrees, their years are one-half of their maximum years, that is one-half of 12, 15 and 20 or 6, 7 1/2 and 10 respectively. Now, the 28th degree of Capricorn is the exaltation degree of Mars, and as he occupies the 28th degree of Aquarius, he is removed from the exaltation degree by exactly 30 degrees. His maximum number of years when in the 28th degree of Capricorn being 15; 30 degrees or a sign gives us 15/12 or a year and 3 months. Subtrading this from 15 years, we get 13 years and 9 months as the years of Mars. As sign Aquarius was just rising, Lagna gives us no years; so that, at this stage the planetary years stand as follows:

Mars 13 years 9 months.

Now as Jupiter, a benefic planet occupies the 12th house from the rising sign, his years suffer a reduction of one-half of their lengrh; so that, after the reduction, he gives us only 3 years and 9 months. Again, as all the planets occupy friendly signs, no Satru-Kshetraharana need be made. Saturn being within 10 degrees from the Sun is an Astangata planet; but his years however suffer no reduction; so that, he gives us 10 years. Thus, we have the following:-

Total 98 years and 6 months.

Now, as Mars, a malefic planet, occupies the rising sign, the total number of 98 years and 6 months has to be subjected to a reduction known as Krurodaya-harana. In other words, the 108 Navamsas of the ecliptic represent the total number of years. Now, there are 10 x 9 = 90 Navamsas between the first point of Aries .and the first point of Aquarius The quantity of reduction, therefore, is 90/108 x 98 years and 6 months. Therefore, the years remaining after the reduction = 18/108 x 98 years and 6 months = 16 years and 5 months, the length of life required. This, of course, is less than 20 years.