Sir Henry James Sumner Maine, an English jurist, born in 1822. He graduated at Pembroke college, Cambridge, in 1844, and was regius professor of civil law at Cambridge from 1847 to 1854, when he became reader on jurisprudence in the Middle Temple. From 1862 to 1869 he was a law member of the government in India, where he introduced several legislative reforms. In 1870 he was appointed to the newly instituted Corpus professorship of jurisprudence in Oxford university, and in 1871 a member of the council for India. He has published " Roman Law and Legal Education," in " Cambridge Essays "(1856); " Ancient Law: its Connection with the Early History of Society" (8vo, 1861; 5th ed., 1874; reprinted, with an introduction by Prof. T. W. I)wight, New York, 1864); and "Village Communities inthe East and West" (1871; 2d ed., 1874), being six Oxford lectures, giving the results of his observations in India, where he had studied the working in village communities of social organisms supposed to correspond with the earliest rudiments of European civilization.