Thomas Bugge, a Danish astronomer, born in Copenhagen, Oct. 12, 1740, died June 15, 1815. He was educated at Copenhagen, and in 1777, after having been employed for some years by the royal society of sciences in a series of geographical measurements, was appointed professor of astronomy and mathematics in the university of that city. He made a scientific journey through Germany, Holland, France, and England, at the expense of the government; greatly improved the Danish national observatory; made several important astronomical discoveries and meteorological observations; and invented some valuable instruments. Sent to Paris in 1798 to confer with the French savants on a standard of weights and measures, he was admitted a member of the institute. When Copenhagen was bombarded by the English in 1807, his house caught fire, but he abandoned his valuable library and apparatus in order to save the instruments and other property of the royal observatory, of which he was custodian. For this he was appointed councillor of state and received the order of Danebrog. He left elementary treatises on astronomy and mathematics, a narrative of his mission to France in 1798, some excellent geographical maps, memoirs in the transactions of various learned bodies, etc.