Etienne Marc Quatremere, a French orientalist, born in Paris, July 12, 1782, died Sept. 18, 1857. He was a pupil of Sylvestre de Sacy and Chezy. In 1809 he became professor of Greek literature at Rouen, in 1819 was called to the collége de France to teach Hebrew, Chal-daic, and Syriac, and in 1827 became professor of Persian at the school of the living eastern languages. To him is mainly owing the identification of the modern Coptic as a derivative of the language of the ancient Egyptians, which gave an important clue to the interpretation of the latter. He wrote Recherches historiques et critiques sur la langue et la litterature de l'Égypte (1808); Mémoires géographiques et historiques sur l'Égypte (1810); and Observations sur quelques points de la géographie de l'Égypte (1812). His editions and translations of Rashid ed-Din's Histoire des Mongols en France (1836) and Makrizi's Histoire des soul-tans mamlouks en Égypte (1837-'40) are of special value. His library was bought by the king of Bavaria and removed to Munich.