Heinrich Karl Brugsch, a German Egyptologist, born in Berlin, Feb. 18, 1827. He early attracted the attention of Alexander von Humboldt and of the king of Prussia by his essays on Egyptology (1848-'50), written while he was at the gymnasium. With their assistance he finished his studies in Berlin. The king defrayed the expenses of his first journey to Egypt (1853). After his return he was appointed director of the Egyptological museum at Berlin. He revisited Egypt in 1857-'8, was the historiographer of the Prussian embassy to Persia in 1860, and after the death of Baron Minutoli was for a time Prussian ambassador to the shah. He founded at Leipsic in 1864 a periodical for Egyptian archaeology, which he continued with the assistance of Lepsius during his residence as consul at Cairo (1864-'8). He was professor at Gottingen from 1868 to 1870, when he became director of the Egyptological school at Cairo. His Hieroglyphisch-demotisches Worterbuch (4 vols., Leipsic, 1867-'9) is one of the great sources of information on ancient Egypt. Among his other works are: Reise-berichte aits Aegypten (1855); Recueil de monuments egyptiens (Leipsic, 1862 et seq.); Geographische Inschriften alter dgyptischer Denkmaler (2 vols., 1865-'6); Die dgyptische Grsberwelt (1867); and Die Sage von der ge-Jiugelten Sonnenscheibe (Berlin, 1870).