Johannes Hendrik Scholten, a Dutch theologian, born at Vleuten, near Utrecht, Aug. 17, 1811. He was minister at Meerkerk from 1838 to 1840, and afterward professor of theology at the Athenaeum of Franeker till 1843, when he was transferred to the university of Leyden. He is the founder of the new school of Dutch Protestant theology, and claims for it the utmost independence in the application of scientific principles. His works include Geschiedenis der Godsdienst en wijsbe-geerte (Leyden, 1853; French translation by Réville, Manuel d'histoire comparée de la phi-losophie et de la religion, Paris, 1861); De leer der hervormde kerk in hare grondbeginselen (2 vols., Leyden, 1848-'50; 4th ed., 1861-'2); De vrye wil critisch onderzoek (1859); Over de oorzaken van het hedendaagsche materialisme, and Het critisch standpunt van Mr. C. W. Opzoomer (Amsterdam, 1860); Het evangelie naar Johannes (Leyden, 1864; German translation by Lang, Berlin, 1864); De oudste getui-genissen aangaande de schriften des Nieuwe Testaments (Leyden, 1866; German translation by Manchot, Bremen, 1867); De evange-lien naar Mattheus en Marcus (1867); and Supernaturalisme in verband mit Bijbel, Christendom en protestantisme (1867).