I. A Central County Of New York

A Central County Of New York, drained by the Mohawk and Black rivers and their tributaries; area, 1,127 sq. m.; pop. in 1870, 110,008. through the central part of the county a broad valley extends from E. to W., and toward the north and south the surface is broken and hilly. The soil is generally rich and very fertile. Oneida lake lies on the W. border. The county is traversed by the Erie and Chenango canals, and partly by the Black River and the Oneida Lake canals; and the New York Central and other railroads intersect at Rome and Utica. The chief productions in 1870 were 68,342 bushels of wheat, 377,966 of Indian corn, 968,215 of oats, 113,462 of barley, 45,764 of buckwheat, 878,434 of potatoes, 3,651,127 lbs. of butter, 1,228,459 of cheese, 100,456 of wool, 57,908 of maple sugar, 3,152,403 of hops, and 218,811 tons of hay. There were 15,231 horses, 65,264 milch cows, 22,577 other cattle, 25,812 sheep, and 19,085 swine; 14 manufactories of agricultural implements, 13 of boats, 10 of boots and shoes, 11 of brick, 53 of carriages and wagons, 86 of cheese, 13 of cotton goods, 4 of glass, 5 of hosiery, 27 of iron (including 23 of castings), 30 of tanned and 16 of curried leather, 26 of machinery, 10 of woollen goods, 2 distilleries, 8 breweries, 30 flour mills, 8 saw mills, and 69 planing mills.

Capitals. Rome and Utica.

II. The S. E. County Of Idaho

The S. E. County Of Idaho, bounded N. by Montana, E. by Wyoming, and S. by Utah; area, 17,850 sq. m.; pop. in 1870, 1,922. It is drained by the head waters of Snake river and by Bear river. The surface in portions is uneven and mountainous, but there are rich lands adapted to agriculture in the river bottoms. Bear Lake valley in the S. E. part is settled chiefly by Mormons, whose farms are well cultivated and stocked. Capital, Malade City.

Oneida #1

Oneida, a lake in the central part of New York, lying between Oswego, Oneida, Madison, and Onondaga counties, at an elevation of 369 ft. above tide water, 23 m. long and 4 to 7 m. wide. It forms a link in the chain of internal navigable waters of the state, and its outlet, Oneida river, after a course of 16 m., falls into the Oswego river. It abounds in fish.

Oneidas #2

Oneidas, a tribe of American Indians forming part of the Iroquois confederacy. They were a secondary tribe set off from the Mohawks. Their territory extended from Deep Spring, near Manlius, Onondaga co., X. Y., to a point below Utica, Oneida co. Their totem was a stone in a forked stick, and their name meant "tribe of the granite rock." They had three clans, the Wolf, Bear, and Turtle, and nine sachemships. Soon after the settlement of Canada they became engaged in hostilities with the French and their allies the Hurons and Montagnais, and were always very difficult to manage. With the Onondagas they made peace with Canada in 1653, and received missionaries, who continued their labors at intervals to the close of the century. They theft had not more than 150 warriors, having been reduced by war with southern tribes. They joined in the general treaty of peace with the French, Sept. 8, 1700; but in all subsequent wars they acted on the English side. At the revolution they alone in the great council of the confederacy opposed taking sides with the English, and with the Tuscaroras they remained faithful to the colonists. They were consequently driven from their homes, their houses and church were burned, and their property was destroyed.

For this the United States made compensation by treaty of Dec. 2, 1794. Previously they had by treaties of June 28, 1785, and Sept. 22, 1788, ceded their lands to the state of New York, reserving a tract which was not to be sold at any time, or leased, except in part. The Brotherton and Stockbridge Indians, who had received lands from the Oneidas, were to retain them. Some then emigrated to Canada and settled on the Thames; and a large band in August, 1821, purchased a tract on Green bay. The three bands have advanced in agriculture and the mechanic arts, while schools and churches have fitted them for the duties of citizens. In 1873 there were 266 Oneidas in New York, chiefly near Oneida Castle on the state reservation, with two schools; 1,279 in Wisconsin, on a reservation of 65,000 acres, with 240 out of 400 children in their two schools, very little intemperance, and many well cultivated farms; and 633 on the Thames in the province of Ontario; making in all 2,178, many more than the tribe could boast at any previous time since its first intercourse with the whites.