Anne Of Austria, queen of France, daughter of Philip III. king of Spain, born Sept. 22, 1601, died Jan. 20, 1666. She was married in 1615 to Louis XIII., and in 1638, 23 years after her marriage, became the mother of Louis XIV., and in 1640 of Philip of Orleans, the first of that branch of the house of Bourbon. Cardinal Richelieu, the all-powerful minister of the weak Louis XIII., dreading the influence of the queen, or, as. others pretend, having been refused by her as a lover, succeeded in prejudicing the mind of the king till he allowed Anne to be continually persecuted, exiled, and at times left to suffer the greatest penury. Richelieu accused her of conspiring with the dukes of Lorraine, with England, with her brother the king of Spain, with all the enemies of France, and with the conspirators at the court, against his own supremacy. At the death of Louis XIII. in 1643, the parliament, contrary to his will, appointed her regent during the minority of Louis XIV. Cardinal Mazarin, who is supposed to have been secretly married to her, ruled in her name, and provoked the revolt of some of the princes of the blood and other French grandees known as the war of the Fronde (1648-'53). (See Fronde.)