Anti-Libanus, Or Anti-Lebanon, a mountain ridge of Palestine, one of the two offsets of the Taurus which are thrown off from that range as it passes the X. E. point of the Mediterranean and take a southern direction parallel to each other, as well as to the coast. The western and highest of these ranges, or in a narrower sense its main portion, is the Libanus or Lebanon; the eastern is the Anti-Libanus, called by the natives Jebel esh-Shurki. In the central part of their course they are separated by the valley of Cœle-Syria, 20 m. in breadth. To the south the Anti-Libanus sends off a spur which unites with the Libanus, and so separates the interlying valley into the northern or Syrian, and the southern or valley of Jordan. Through the northern flows the Orontes or Aasy. In the heights of Hermon, the uniting spur, and the highest land of the Anti-Libanus range (9,000 feet), rises the Jordan, which flows to the south; between it and the Orontes rises the Leontes or Litany, which, coursing to the S. W., enters the Mediterranean. The Anti-Libanus range is lower than the Libanus, and less continuous. Geologically it is less fossiliferous, as its limestones approach a crystalline character, giving more striking evidences of volcanic agency.

It lacks also the far-famed cedars of Lebanon, its foliage being mostly of white poplar. It abounds in small lakes enclosed in its small table lands, a characteristic mostly wanting to the Libanus range.