The description of Satan, his first speech, some striking expressions in the description of his fall, of heaven, hell, Adam and Eve, strongly suggest that Milton borrowed from CAedmon, but they may be accounted for by their using common sources. Editions are by Thorpe, for the society of antiquaries (London, 1832; Illuminations, 1833), Grein (Gottingen, 1857, translation, 1857', and Bouterwek (text, translation, copious introductory essays, notes, and lexicon, Gutersloh, 1854). Among the many valuable articles upon it may be mentioned Dietrich's in Haupt's Zeitichrift, X., 310-367. With these works of Credmon may be classed a fragment of Judith (350 lines), Cynewulf 's " Christ" (1,694), "The Harrowing of Hell" (137), and some other fragments, all to be found in Grein's Bibliothek der Angelschsischen Poesie (Gottingen, 1857). and translations in his Dichtun-gen der Angelsachsen (1857. 3. Ecclesiastic narratives - the lives of saints, and versified chronicles, without the epic exaltation of the former classes. Such are "Andreas" (1,724 lines), "Elene" (1,321), "Juliana" (731), and "Guthlac" (1,353). 4. Psalms and hymns - translations of Hebrew psalms and a few Christian hymns and prayers.

The version of the Psalms has been attributed to Bishop Aldhelm, (656-709). The manuscript is in the royal library at Paris. Editions have been published by Thorpe and Grein; Essays by Dietrich in Haupt's Zeitschrift (IX., 214-222). 5. Secular lyrics. A few, mostly elegiac, are found in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, celebrating kings and heroes. They are also to be found in Grein's Bibliothek-. 6. Allegories, gnomic verses, riddles. This was a favorite style of composition with the later Anglo-Saxons. We have in Grein's Bibliothek " The Phoenix," a translation from Lactantius, much expanded (677 lines); "The Panther " (74); "The Whale " (89); also gnomic verses which are still interesting, and riddles in considerable numbers, and hard enough to guess. 7. Didactic ethical. The "Meters of Boethius" are versifications of passages in Boethius De Consolatione Phi-losophiae, attributed to King Alfred. They were transcribed by Junius from a manuscript since lost. Editions are by Rawlinson (Oxford, 1698); Fox, with translation (London, 1835); Grein (1858); and Fox, (2d ed., with metrical rendering by Martin Farquhar Tupper (London, 1864). - The Anglo-Saxon prose is of comparatively little literary value.

It affords abundant material for the study of the language and the people, but consists mostly of translations from the Latin. They have been classified as follows: 1. Theological - translations of the Bible. Portions of Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy, Joshua, and Judges, called the Heptateuch, together with an outline of Job, the Gospel of Nicodemus, and a fragment of Judith, were published by Thwaites (Oxford, 1698). The Psalms are spoken of above. We have several manuscripts of the Gospels. Editions have been published in England by Parker (1571), Marshall (1665), Thorpe (1842), and Bos worth (with the Gothic, Wyck-liffe, and Tyndale versions in parallel columns, London, 1865). Kemble began an edition with the old Latin and four Anglo-Saxon texts printed together, and various readings from four others. Matthew has been printed in this form, and the work is going on at the University press, Cambridge. A large number of homilies are still to be found. A set by Aelfric, 80 in number, compiled or translated from Latin works, about A. D. 990, for the unlearned, were printed by Thorpe for the Aelfric society (1844-'6). More are promised by the early English text society. 2. Philosophy. In this department we have only Alfred's translation of Boethius, mentioned above. 3. History. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle extends from the invasion of Julius Caesar to Henry II., 1154. As far as the history of Beda extends, it is abridged from it or from some common source.

It has been supposed that Alfred had it compiled and copies placed in the monasteries. How the records were kept afterward is not known. It is for the most part a meagre note of events of little interest, but in the later times there are sometimes reflections and poetical passages, as well as sketches of character. It has been often printed and translated. Thorpe's edition (London, 1861) has seven parallel texts, a translation, and indexes. There are also a large number of charters, deeds, wills, and similar documents remaining, of which Kemble has published six volumes (Codex Diplomatic™ Aexi Saxonici, London, 1839-46). Beda's "Ecclesiastical History" was written by him in Latin, and translated into Anglo-Saxon by Alfred. It is one of the world's great books. It has passed through many editions in many countries. Wheloc's edition has Latin and Anglo-Saxon in parallel columns (Cambridge, 1644); and Smith's has various readings (Cambridge, 1722). A new edition is needed. For ancient history there is Alfred's translation of Orosius, with additions by the translator of some value. Thorpe's edition with translation and glossary is in Bohn's library (London, 1857). There are some biographies.

St. Guthlac has been repeatedly printed (Goodwin, London, 1848). 4. Law. A large body of laws remains, extending from Ethelbert, who was king of Kent at the time of its conversion to Christianity, to those of William the Conqueror. The best editions are those of Thorpe (London, 1840), containing the ecclesiastical institutes, and Schmid (Leipsic, 1858), a critical text with Latin and German translations, notes, and a glossary. These and the charters are perhaps the most valuable prose remaining for the study of the people. 5. Natural science and medicine. " Popular Treatises of Science " (Thorpe, London, 1841); "Leechdoms" (3 vols., O. Cockayne, London, 1864-'6). 6. Grammar. .Aelfrie has a Latin grammar in Anglo-Saxon, which answers as a reverse grammar. It is printed in Somner's Dictionary (Oxford, 1659). Aelfric's " Colloquy," in Thorpe's "Analecta Anglo-Saxonica" (London, 1846). There are a few glossaries in Wright (London, 1857).