Frederick Augustus II., king of Saxony, born May 18, 1797, died Aug. 9, 1854. He was the eldest son of Maximilian, brother of the kings Frederick Augustus I. and Anthony. Having lost his mother, Carolina Maria Theresa, princess of Parma, at the age of seven, he was educated principally under the care of Forell, a distinguished Swiss, and of Gen. Watzdorf. Though often compelled to leave the capital of his uncle during the later campaigns of Napoleon in Germany, and frequently to change his abode, he eagerly pursued his studies, which included political economy, law, and military science; but botany became his favorite pursuit. When, in September, 1830, Dresden became a scene of political commotions, Frederick Augustus was placed by the old king Anthony at the head of the committee for public tranquillity. As the prince was very popular, this measure greatly contributed to quiet the agitation. On June 6, 1836, Frederick Augustus succeeded to the throne. As he was but partially occupied with political affairs, he made botanical tours and journeys to Istria, Dalmatia, and Montenegro (1838), to England and Belgium (1844), to Vienna and Hungary (1845), and to the Tyrol (184G). The movements of 1848, beginning in Saxony, as everywhere else in Germany, with great enthusiasm for liberty and German union, were followed in May, 1849, by a revolutionary outbreak in Dresden. This having been suppressed through the intervention of Prussia, things soon returned to their ancient order, and the reactionary movement continued to the death of the king, which was occasioned by a fall from his carriage on a new tour in the Tyrol. He was twice married, first to Carolina, daughter of the emperor Francis, and, after her death in 1832, to Maria, daughter of Maximilian I. of Bavaria. Both marriages being without issue, he was succeeded by his brother John.