Froude. I. James Anthony, an English historian, a son of Archdeacon Froude, born at Dartington rectory, Totness, Devonshire, April 23, 1818. He entered Oriel college, Oxford, in 1836, took his degree in 1840, and two.years after obtained the chancellor's prize for an English essay, and was elected fellow of Exeter college. His sympathy with the high church views which then prevailed led him to entertain the idea of studying for the ministry; and he proceeded so far as to be ordained deacon in 1845. But he never undertook any clerical duty, and soon abandoned theology for literature. In 1847 he published a volume of stories, entitled "The Shadows of the Clouds," and in 1840 The Nemesis of Faith," both of which were condemned by the university authorities. Soon after the publication of the latter Mr. Froude resigned his fellowship, and was obliged to give up an appointment which he had received to a teachership in Tasmania. For two or three years he wrote almost constantly for "Fraser's Magazine" and the "Westminster Review." One of his articles in the latter on the book of Job has been reprinted in a separate form.

In 1856 he published the first two volumes of his" History of England from the Fall of Wolsey to the Defeat of the Spanish Armada," which was continued from time to time till its completion in 1870, in 12 volumes. His contributions to various periodicals have been reprinted under the title of "Short Studies on Great Subjects" (1st series, 1867; 2d series, 1871). He also published in 1871 a small volume on Calvinism. He was installed as lord rector of the university of St. Andrews in March, 1860. In 1872-3 he delivered a series of lectures in the United States on"The English in Ireland in the Eighteenth Century," which have since been published (3 vols., London, 1873-'4). His" History of England attempts to show that Henry VIII. was a much better man than he has been commonly represented to be, and that Queen Elizabeth was indebted tor her high reputation as a sovereign chiefly to the abilities of her ministers. His delineation of the character of Mary queen of Scots is very severe, and has given rise to much controversy.

II. Richard Hurrell, brother of the preceding, an ardent supporter of the "Oxford movement" in the church of England in its earlier stages, born March 25, 1803, died Feb. 28, 1836. He was educated at Eton and Oxford, in 1826 was elected fellow of Oriel college, and three years after was ordained by the bishop of Oxford. Four volumes of "Remains," made up of extracts from his journals, correspondence, and writings, in which may be seen the Roman tendencies of the Oxford movement even at that period, were published in London in 1838.