Georgia, one of the thirteen original states of the American Union, situated between lat.

30° 21' and 35° N, and Ion. 80° 48' and 85° 40' W., having an extreme length N. and S. of 320 m., and an extreme breadth E. and W. of 254 m.; area, 58,000 sq. m. It is bounded N. by Tennessee and North Carolina, N. E. by South Carolina, from which it is separated by the Savannah river, E. by the Atlantic ocean, S. by Florida, and W. by Alabama, from which it is partly separated by the Chattahoochee river. It is divided into 136 counties, viz.: Appling, Baker, Baldwin, Banks, Bartow, Berrien, Bibb, Brooks, Bryan, Bullock, Burke, Butts, Calhoun, Camden, Campbell, Carroll, Catoosa, Charlton, Chatham, Chattahoochee, Chattooga, Cherokee, Clarke, Clay, Clayton, Clinch, Cobb, Coffee, Colquitt, Columbia, Coweta, Crawford, Dade, Dawson, Decatur, De Kalb, Dodge, Dooly, Dougherty, Douglas, Early, Echols, Effingham, Elbert, Emanuel, Fannin, Fayette, Floyd,. Forsyth, Franklin, Fulton, Gilmer, Glascock, Glynn, Gordon, Greene, Gwinnett, Habersham, Hall, Hancock, Haralson, Harris, Hart, Heard, Henry, Houston, Irwin, Jackson, Jasper, Jefferson, Johnson, Jones, Laurens, Lee, Liberty, Lincoln, Lowndes, Lumpkin, Macon, Madison, Marion, McDuffie, Mcintosh, Meriwether, Miller, Milton, Mitchell, Monroe, Montgomery, Morgan, Murray, Muscogee, Newton, Oglethorpe, Paulding, Pickens, Pierce, Pike, Polk. Pulaski, Putnam, Quitman, Rabun, Randolph, Richmond, Rockdale, Schley, Scriven, Spalding, Stewart, Sumter, Talbot, Taliaferro, Tatnall, Taylor, Telfair, Terrell, Thomas, Towns, Troup, Twiggs, Union, Upson, Walker, Walton, Ware, Warren, Washington, Wayne, Webster, White, Whitfield, Wilcox, Wilkes, Wilkinson, and Worth. The counties are subdivided into 1,136 militia districts, and contain 134 incorporated towns.

There are eight cities, viz.: Savannah (pop. in 1870, 28,235), the chief port, on the river of the same name, 18 m. from the sea; Atlanta (pop. 21,789), the capital, in the N. W. part of the state; Augusta (pop. 15,389), on the Savannah, 248 m. from its mouth; Macon (pop. 10,810); Columbus (7,401); Athens (4,251); Milledgeville (2,750), the former capital; and Rome (2,748). Among the towns are Albany, Americas, Bainbridge, Brunswick, Cartersville, Covington, Cuthbert, Dalton, Dawson, Eaton-ton, Fort Valley, Griffin, La Grange, Marietta, Newnan, Thomasville, Valdosta, Washington, and West Point, having each more than 1,000 inhabitants.-The population of the state in 1790 and at subsequent decennial periods was as follows:

Obverse.

Reverse.

State Seal of Georgia.

Included in the last total are 1 Chinanjan and 40 Indians. Georgia ranked 12th among the states in 1870 in total population, a gain since 1800 of 12 per cent.; 16th in the number of white inhabitants, gain 8.01 per cent.; and 1st in colored population, gain 17.06 per cent. There were 1,172,982 natives and 11,127 foreigners, 578,955 males and 605,154 females. Of the natives, 933,962 were born in the state, 54,937 in South Carolina, 26,858 in North Carolina, 19,034 in Virginia and West Virginia, 12,-230 in Alabama, 9,394 in Tennessee, and 4,781 in Florida. There were 374,142 persons born in the state living in other states and territories. Of the foreigners, 5,093 were natives of Ireland, 2,761 of Germany, and 1,088 of England. Of the colored, 501,814 were blacks, and 43,328 mulattoes. The number of male citizens of the United States 21 years old and over was 234,919. There were 237,850 families, having an average of 4.98 persons to a family, and 236,436 dwellings, averaging 5.01 to a dwelling. There were 418,553 persons 10 years old and over unable to read, and 468,593 unable to write, of whom 343,637 were colored and 1,070 foreigners, 220,070 males and 248,-523 females; 101,114 were between 10 and 15 years of age, 92,120 from 15 to 21, and 275,342 21 and over.

Of the last number, 21,899 were white males and 100,551 colored males. The number of blind persons was 740; deaf and dumb, 326; insane, 634; idiots, 871; paupers, 1,816, of whom 507 were colored and 39 foreigners; persons convicted of crimes during the year, 1,775. There were 444,678 persons 10 years old and over engaged in occupations, viz.: 336.145 in agriculture, 64,083 in professional and personal services, 14,410 in trade and transportation, and 27,040 in manufactures and mining. Included in these numbers were 264,605 agricultural laborers, 70,468 farmers and planters, 953 clergymen, 37,027 domestic servants, 14,976 laborers, 851 lawyers, 1,537 physicians and surgeons, 2,225 teachers, 5,429 traders and dealers, 3,545 clerks, salesmen, etc, 5,105 officials and employees of railroad companies, 1,279 carmen, draymen, etc, 2,262 blacksmiths, 1,375 boot and shoe makers, 1,005 masons and stone cutters, 4,723 carpenters and joiners, 3,519 cotton and woollen mill operatives, 1,206 millers, 1,215 saw-mill operatives, and 2,604 tailors, seamstresses, etc.-Georgia presents a great variety of surface. Along the coast and the Florida line it is low and swampy, while a little further back occur parallel ranges of sand hills, 40 or 50 ft. high.

Near the S. E. corner is the Okefinokee swamp, or rather series of swamps, about 180 m. in circuit, filled with pools and islands, covered with vines, bay trees, and underwood, and teeming with alligators, lizards, and other reptiles. The elevation for 20. m. inland rarely exceeds 40 ft., and averages 10 to 12 ft. above the sea. Then the land suddenly rises by a terrace 70 ft. higher, and this table land continues nearly level about 20 m. further inland, when another rise of 70 ft. leads to a third tract, which continues to ascend toward the north, till at Milledgeville, about 150 m. from the sea, the elevation is about 575 ft. From the central portion of the state the surface becomes more elevated, the hills increasing in size toward the north. The southern spurs of the Appalachians, which cross the N. portion of the state from N. E. to S. W., are reached in the Etowah hills of Bartow and Cherokee counties, and the Ami-colola hills of Gilmer and Lumpkin; and the Blue Ridge, ranging with these between Lumpkin, White, and Habersham counties on the south, and Union and Towns on the north, constitutes the great watershed.