Heinrich Leberecht Fleischer, a German orientalist, born at Schandau, Feb. 21, 1801. He studied in Leipsic and Paris, and was professor at Leipsic from 1835 to 1860. Since then he has occupied the chair of the Arabic. Persian, and Turkish languages at the university of Berlin, and ranks among the best Arabic scholars of Germany. His translation of Zamahshari's "Golden Necklaces" (Leipsic, 1835) involved him in a protracted controversy with Ham-mer-Purgstall. He continued the edition of the Arabic text of the "Thousand and One Nights," which was commenced by Habicht (completed in 12 vols., Breslan, 1843). Among his principal works are his editions of Abul-feda's Historia Ante-Islamica (with translation, 1831), of Beidhawi's "Commentary on the Koran (1844-,8), and a free translation of Mirza Mohammed Ibrahim's modern Persian grammar (1847).