e. Diphthongs. - The signs for the diphthongs must not be inclined. When I occurs between two stems, it is sometimes more convenient to write it in the third place, rather than to carry the pen back to the beginning of the first stem. Do not forget that when the position of an outline depends upon this diphthong, it is always to be considered as first-place.

Pie, pew. By, boy, bough. Tie, toy. Die, dow, dew. Chow, chew. Joy, Jew. Coy, cow, cue. Guy. Fie, few. Vie, vow, view. Thigh, thew. Thy, thou. Sigh, soy, sue. Shy. Lie, lieu, alloy, allow. .Rye, Roy, row, rue. My, mow, mew. Nigh, annoy, now, new. Bite. Boyd, bowed, beauty. Dyke, dime, dowdy, duke. Chide, chewed. Jibe, jewed. Kite, coif, cowed, cube. Fido, tire, fiery, feud. Vied, vowed, void, viewed. Shire, shower. Mike, mouth, mute. Knife, noisy, newt.

f. A vowel after a diphthong, is indicated by an inclined tick Make the angles distinct.

Piety,pious, bias, Diana, diet, Zion, scion, boyish, voyage dewy, annuity, fewer, viewer, bowing.

Rules For L, R, And Sh. 75 g. Write the following words and indicate the vowels by the inclined angle, as directed in the rule. Be careful to shade the down-stroke of the angle, when the first vowel is long. In using this angle, the student will notice that the exact quality of the second vowel is not indicated. This will not cause any difficulty in reading, however, as the word can be distinguished readily by giving that vowel the sound of I, or u.

Poet, poesy, Bowen, being, bayer, toeing, jawing, Boaz, chaos, thawy, showy, piano, ruin.

h. Iota, idea, i?hea, panacea, iambic. Bough, eyed, oily, rye, vow, view, few.

j. Always join the semi-circle to a stem at a distinct angle.

Two forms are given, for the purpose of making this possible

Make the semi-circles small. If made too large, they will appear awkward, and will be mistaken for half-length stems.

Weep, web, Utah, Yattau, Yedo, Utica, widow, watch, witch, yoke, wake, wick, waggish, Oswego, youth, wash, yellow, Europe, Urania, yam, wing, young.

Sec. 5. Rules for L, R, and Sh. - The rules in this section are very important. Do not leave them until you can write every word correctly in the following exercise. The legibility of your writing will be much greater, if you learn to apply these rules correctly and readily.

The use of Italics to indicate upstrokes, will be continued in the following exercises in exceptional cases only.*

Law, elk, delay, array, parry, shade, bush. Lieu, alum, dally, airy, aurora, ship, fish. Lay, alimony, pulley. Arab, foray, pshaw, share, bushy, low. Alumni, jolly, ray, bar, show, coolie, ark, worry, shame. Fishy, eel, Electa, valley, leach, army, veil, roe, marry, loo, sheaf, show, dashy.

Awl, latch, Allegany, pillow, pill, rue, tire, shore, dash, aisle. Leap, pile, lobe, isle' cheer, shoe, cash. Bailey, oily, lip, fowl, rubbish, far, ask, ash. laugh, allow. Mash, anneal, dual, leash.

Albany, meal, aright, peer, opera, chair, reel, early, share, folio, elbow, mill, arrayed, peal, pour, rally, mole. Feel, ivory, elfish, mall, urge, mellow, pale, moor, aerial, rehash. Alvah, mail, earth, tare, olive, belay, apiary, ball. Bear, berry, awry, toil, tar, billow, shape, burrow, bole. Bureau, shake, follow, Romish, tyro, dole, bellow, dower, fair. Tarry, allege, remedy, Howell, cherry, also, rely.

*Extensive lists of words ending with L and R will be found on pages 92 and 93.

Sec. 6. Heath, hail, heap, highway, happy, hymn. Halve, heal, humbug, hurl, whip. Unhook, half, huzzy, hammock, hawk. Had, hug, home, whey, hash, hallow. Hope, higher, hoggish, whack, whew, hook. Whim, harmony, hob, hair, hoop. Hop, whir, wherry, hilly, whirligig.

Sec. 7. Word=signs. - Learn the word-signs thoroughly. Then carefully read the sentences on page 13, and copy them in shorthand and read them from your own writing. It will be much better if you can read your exercises aloud. Practice faithfully, until you can both read and write them correctly and without hesitation. Then translate the following sentences into shorthand, and practice upon them in the same way. Use word-signs for all words printed in Italic, vocalizing the other outlines. If you practice in this manner, you will be surprised at the progress you will make.

1. Show it to him, before you put it away. 2. That was what was given to her. 3. If she can go, it will be as well. 4. Do what you can for me. 5. Shall I take it to the shop ? 6. There was no change when he was there. 7. Did they hear from you when you were away? 8. He and I were there at the time. 9. They took it out in a pail. 10. I wish she would come with him, too. 11. They live there, and hove come here for the fair. 12. Who was on the boat'? 13. It was too high for Jam. 14. We ought to do all we can. 15. Why did you give our book to him? 16. They each had a watch which was given by him. 17. He came an hour before he should have come. 18. Two of their sheep were in the road. 19. Has he as many as you or I have? 20. Did they give you any of their candy ?

a. Read the rule very carefully. Then write the following phrases, joining the words which are connected by hyphens, and placing the first word of each phrase in its proper position. All these phrases are composed of word-signs contained in the list on page 13.

That-was. What-was. If-she-can. You-can. There-was. He-was. She-would. Who-was. It-was. We-can. Which-was. Did-they. Give-that. Before-that. She-can. Shall-come. Can-they. Or-that. Can-do. Was-that. That-they. She-came-in.

b. Ticks. - It is very important that the pupil make no mistake in the use of the ticks. If the wrong tick is used for a word, it will naturally be read for a different word, and the proper sense of the phrase or sentence will be destroyed.