Bee Key, next page.

Diagram of Vowels. - This diagram should be carefully compared with the rules contained in section 4, d, on page 8, which give directions for the placing of vowels between two stems. In such cases, the vowels which appear at the left of the diagonal line in the diagram, are written after the first stem; and those appearing at the right of that line are written before the second stem.

At several points in the Writing, Exercises, reference is made to lines in the Table of Contrasts, page 71. Wherever such reference is made, the examples referred to should be carefully read and compared with each other. A key to these examples is given below:

Line 1. Sip, Spa. Sight, Sty. Opes, Pose. Oppose. Suppose.

2. Ask, Sack. Asp, Sap. Acid, Sad. Assail, Sail. Escape, Scape.

3. Puss, Pussy. Daze, Daisy. Gas, Gassy. Fuss, Fussy. Moss, Mossy.

4. Back, Bask. Tuck, Tusk. Deck, Desk. Tack, Task. Gap, Gasp. Rap, Rasp.

5. Czar, Sir. Zeal, Seal. Zero, Sorry. Zinc, Sink. Dozen, Design. Reason, Resign.

6. Pace, Paces. Toss, Tosses. Chase, Chases. Case, Cases. Face, Faces. Vice, Vices. Lace, Laces. Mosses.

7. Policy, Policies. Intimacy, Intimacies. Ecstasy, Ecstasies. Posy, Posies". Fancy, Fancies. Daisies.

8. Chess, Chest, Chester. Less, Lest, Lester. State, Taste. Steel, Least. Stop, Post. Posts, Posten, Posten's.

9. Pray, Play. Breach, Bleach. Eager, Glee. Free, Flee. Ether, Ethel. Error, Earl. Eater, Tree. Eagle, Glee.

10. Sup, Supper, Supple. Set, Setter, Settle. Side, Cider, Sidle. Sick, Sicker, Sickle. Scape, Scrape. Sorrel.

11. Stop, Stopper. Stout, Stouter. Staid, Staider. Stitch, Stitcher. Stalk, Stalker. Stag, Stagger. Safe, Safer, Civil.

12. Poison, Poisoner. Paster, Pastry. Besiege, Besieger. Duster, Destroy. Disguise, Disgrace. Dispose, Displays. Disobey, Disables.

13. Pen, Penny. Tine, Tiny. Dean, Deny. Chine, China. Gain, Guinea. Fin, Finny. Mine.

14. Pays, Pains. Days, Danes. Chase, Chains. Skies, Skins, Screens. Boughs, Bounce, Bounced. Punsters.

15. Pun, Puff. Bean, Beef. Tun, Tough. Chain, Chafe. Cane, Cave. Fine, Fife. Lean, Leaf Knife.

16. Puff, Puffy. Beef, Bevy. Tough, Taffy. Dave, Davy. Chafe, Chaffee. Cough, Coffee. Gravy.

17. Past, Pats, Pants. Best, Beds, Bends. Toast, Totes, Tends. Chest, Cheats, Chants. Cost, Cuts, Counts. Base, Banes.

Writing Exercises

The exercises which appear in the following pages, illustrate every principle of Phonetic Shorthand. Practice should he confined to these exercises, until all the rules of abbreviation are learned. No attempt should be made to write miscellaneous matter, for the reason that such matter is likely to contain many words which can only be written correctly under rules which appear later in the study. Writing such words incorrectly, will lead the student into bad habits of writing which it will be difficult to overcome.

Before attempting to write an exercise, the rule under which it is to be written should be carefully read, together with such additional suggestions as appear in connection with the exercise. Each form should be written with care, and no exercise should be left until the student can not only write it readily and correctly, but read it aloud, without hesitation, from hisown manuscript.

Sec. 4. a, b. Long Vowels are indicated by heavy dots and dashes. Write the following words in the positions required by subdivision b. Rules 1, 2, and 3, refer to the positions of upright and inclined stems only - not to those of horizontal stems. When R or L is printed in Italic, use the upward stem, and remember that first-place vowels are placed at the beginning of a stem, whether the stem be struck upward or downward.

Paw, pea, pooh, pa, pay, ape, ope. Be, bay, bah, bo. Abe. Tea, tay, toe, too. Eat, ate, ought, oat. Day, daw, doe, Dee. Aid, awed, ode. Chaw, each. Gee, jay, jaw, joe, age. Key, caw, coe, coo. Eke, ache, oak. Gay, go. Oaf, eve. Oath, thaw. They,-though. See, say, saw, so. Ease, awes, owes, ooze. Le, lay, la, law, Tow, too. Eel, ail, awl, Ola. ' Bay, raw, roe. Ear, air, oar. Me, may, ma, maw. Aim. Knee, nay, gnaw, no. E'en, own. We, way, wah, wo, woo. Ye, yea, you. He, hay, hah, haw, hoe, who.

c. Short Vowels are indicated by light dots and dashes. When a vowel occurs between two stems, place it as directed in subd. d. Remember to write all words in their proper positions, as directed in subd. b.

' Up. pugh, at, add, odd, etch, edge, egg, off, if, us. Pot, pet, pat, pod. Bit, bet, bat, bog, bug, bag. Tick, tuck, tack, took, tag, tip, top, tap. Ditch, dig, dip, dutch, duck, dumb, dam. Chip, chap, chub, chid, chuck, chick. Jim, gem, jam, jug, jag, Gyp, jab. Kip, cop, cod, kedge, cup, cab, cub, cad, catch, cuff, cough, king. Got, giddy, gap. Fib, Fitch, fob, fetch, fudge, funny, Fanny, fatty, finny, fag. Vim, Vick. Thick, thud, thatch, thumb. Ship, shop, shove, sham, shad. Minnie, money, mob, much, match, Maggie. Not, nit, gnat, nut, nip, nap, nob, nab, nub, knack, knock, nook, notch, nag, nudge.

The following exercise contains both long and short vowels. Place each word in its proper position, and do not forget to write the vowels as directed in subd. d. Make the proper distinction between long and short vowels, but do not make the former too heavy. (See diagram of vowels, page 71.)

Peat, paid, pot, pet, pat, pod. Beat, bait, bet, bat, bought, boat, boot. Teak, talk, took, tick, tuck, tack Deem, dome, dumb, doom.

Cheek, chair, choke, chip, chap. Jeer, joke, jug, jag. Cape, cup, calm, caulk, comb, cage, kedge, cab, bog, balm, cod, cuff, keel, coal, core. Gear, game, gawk, gig, gage, gap. Reap, rake. rock, root, rag, rub. Feat, fade, food, fib, fun, fan, fudge, fag. Vat. vote, veto, veal, valley. Evade, evoke. Thebe, thought, theme. Thane, them, thumb, thole, thatch, thick, thill. Sheet, shade, shape, shiny, shame, sham, shoot, assure. Leap, lobe, lake, lap, leash Meed, made, mar, Maud, mode, meadow, mood, month, mate. Neat, nail, node, nudge, nib, not, note, nut, kneel, nag, natty, uneasy.