Gustave Flaubert, a French novelist,.born in Rouen about 1821. He abandoned the study of medicine for literature, and published a licentious novel, Madame de Bovary (2 vols., Paris, 1857), which met with considerable success, partly owing to legal proceedings which were instituted against him for its alleged immorality, but which fell to the ground. Among his other works are Salammbo (1862), a novel embodying the results of his explorations about Carthage, and L'Education sentimentale, Jiis-toire d 'unjeime hommeQ vols., 1869).