Study the arrangement of the kitchen so that every article and piece of furniture will be in the most convenient place, and the work done with the least expenditure of time and energy. The following suggestions can be applied in principle in every kitchen:

1. The kitchen should be large enough for the work that is to be done there, but it should not contain a square inch of waste space. The size will vary with different conditions, but the working space should always be kept as small as possible.

There should be a cross draft of air and a ventilator in the ceiling, if possible.

2. Utilise the wall space of the kitchen for shelves and cupboards, instead of having a pantry with its open shelves, extra floor space, etc. Have a cupboard for the cooking utensils near the stove, one for supplies and mixing dishes near the table; make them shallow enough so that everything can be seen at a glance, and have the shelves set far enough apart to accommodate the dishes, etc., but near enough to avoid waste of space.

3. Have enough shelf room, if possible, to set utensils of different sizes and shapes separately.

4. Keep all supplies in jars, glass preferably, which should then be labeled.

5. A shelf over or near the stove, for coffee can and coffee pot, tea can and tea pot, salt, pepper, flour dredge, etc., is a very great convenience.

6. Raise the kitchen table and the sink to a height six inches below the waist line. This will lessen the strain of work wonderfully, and put an end to the aching back.

7. Drop shelves, which can be dropped out of the way when not needed, and raised to make extra table space when necessary, will help exceedingly in a small kitchen.

8. A thick rug, made of washable or replaceable material, laid where the worker stands in front of the table, will be a great comfort. Many thicknesses of newspaper covered on both sides with building paper and secured at the edges with adhesive tape makes a very good one.

9. A separate hook for every article - no two things on the same hook - will save the disposition.

10. A waste paper basket should stand in an inconspicuous place.

11. Instead of a kitchen table drawer filled with everything, substitute the following: a. A set of pockets, each one labeled, hung on the back of a door, for string, corks, etc., large ones for paper sacks, etc.

b. A leather strap tacked on the inside of a cupboard door to hold carving and kitchen knives and forks. Tack at intervals so that each article has its particular socket. Leave one for a carborundum knife sharpener.

c. Two square hooks near the sink, screwed on a line, to hold the paring knife. It is so convenient while standing at the sink to reach up for the knife rather than to search through a drawer filled with everything.

12. Hang a pair of scissors on two hooks in a convenient place.

13. A pin cushion, with a linen cover, which can be removed and washed, should hang in an accessible place.

14. A light over the stove will relieve the strain of trying to see in the dark, often caused by the necessity of standing in one's own light.

15. A lid rack with graduated spaces for the lids, the small ones in the front, with the large ones to the back, should be placed near the stove.

16. A large, light-weight tray should be kept in a convenient place, ready for use. One of the best devices is the wheel tray, which is a rack on wheels, carying one or two large trays.

17. A book shelf for cook books, a clock, a pad with pencil attached for memoranda, and a roll of tissue or toweling paper for wiping out especially greasy or soiled dishes or utensils, should be in every kitchen.

18. The floor of a kitchen should be made as easy to stand on as possible. Linoleum over a wooden floor will be found most convenient. Let the linoleum run up on the base board, over a concave quarter round, thus eliminating the corner between the wall and the floor.

If the linoleum is shellaced or varnished once a year or oftener, it will wear much longer and look better.

19. The kitchen should have a smooth wall, either painted or papered with oilcloth paper, either of which can be easily washed; or else the wall should be freshly calcimined twice a year.

Coating the painted wall with a thin boiled starch solution has been recommended as highly effective in removing the dirt and grease easily, without injury to the paint.

20. White oilcloth pasted on the wall over the stove and sink will be a great protection, and very easy to keep clean. Pasting oil cloth on tables, shelves, etc., will be as effective as enameling. A good grade, like "Sanitas," should be used.

21. Cooking utensils should be of the best quality and sufficient in number. Use drip pans with rounded corners of aluminum or high grade enamel. The ordinary tin or sheet iron pans made from a folded sheet are almost impossible to clean perfectly and at best require much extra time in washing. If cooking utensils are properly selected, they should be easily cleaned. Do not waste time cleaning old rough tin, or chipped enamelware. Buy muffin pans and other baking dishes which in combination fit the oven, so that it may be used to the best advantage.