Hints And Practical Information For Cabinet-Makers, Upholsterers, And Furniture Men Generally Author: John Phin
Together with a description of all kinds of Finishing, with full directions Varnishes, Polishes, Stains for Wood, Dyes for Wood. Gilding and Silvering, Receipts for the Factory, Lacquers, Metals, Marbles etc. Pictures, Engravings, etc. Miscellaneous.
| Title | Hints And Practical Information For Cabinet-Makers, Upholsterers, And Furniture Men Generally |
| Author | John Phin |
| Publisher | The Industrial Publication Company |
| Year | 1899 |
| Copyright | 1899, The Industrial Publication Company |
| Amazon | Hints And Practical Information For Cabinet-Makers, Upholsterers, And Furniture Men |
Preface- While a large amount of the matter contained in this work has been published before in some shape or other, it was found in many instances incorrect, and therefore unreliable; this was in a great meas...
- Constructive Cabinet-Making
- THE general term cabinet-making is the art of making all such parts of the furniture of a dwelling-house as are made of wood, together with the art of chair-making, etc., and in order to arrive at any...
- Colored Woods, Metals, Etc
- Sometimes richness of effect is no further attempted than is obtained by the natural beauty of the wood which is employed; and when this natural beauty is considerable, this simple kind of furniture i...
- Framing
- Framing, in cabinet-making, requires the same precautions as in joinery, when it is required to form large surfaces, for, owing to shrinkage, and warping of wood, large even surfaces can be formed onl...
- Veneering, Banding, Etc
- Veneering is the method of covering an inferior wood with a surface of a very superior kind, so that the parts of the article of furniture thus manufactured which meet the eye appear to the same advan...
- How To Raise Old Veneers
- In repairing old cabinets, and other furniture, workmen are sometimes at a loss to know how to get rid of those blisters which appear on the surface, in consequence of the glue under the veneer failin...
- Inlaying, etc., etc
- Inlaying is an expensive method of ornamenting furniture with fancy woods, metals, shells, etc., and if not well executed is unsightly and liable to frequent breakage. It is of great antiquity, and wa...
- Inlaying With Shaded Wood
- Having shown the methods of cutting out and veneering, we need now only show the method used to produce that shady brown edge, on works inlaid with white holly, and which, when well executed, has a ve...
- How To Imitate Inlaying Of Silver Strings, Etc
- This process is sometimes employed in the stocks, etc., of pistols, and if well executed has a very good effect; carefully draw your pattern upon the work, and then engrave, or cut away the different ...
- Carving, Reeding, Etc
- In carving, the quality of the wood is of the utmost importance. It should be free from cracks, knots, etc., and as even in its texture as possible, and, above all, well seasoned. The first thing to ...
- Moulding Ornaments, Figures, Etc., In Imitation Of Carving
- To avoid the expense of carving in wood, several attempts have been made to cast figures and ornaments to resemble wood. The most approved process we here present our readers. It was invented by M. Le...
- Finishing
- Wood Finishing Wood Finishing is the process of applying to the surface after it has been prepared, by filling and smoothing, or otherwise, a thin coating of varnish or other substance, to render it ...
- Filling
- Fillers These compounds play a very important part in the art of finishing, not only in the great economy of material and time required, but in producing a handsomer and more durable finish than poss...
- Application Of Varnishes
- Preliminary to applying the varnish the pores of the wood should be filled, according to instructions given in the preceding receipts. Sufficient time should be allowed for the filler to become perfec...
- Application Of Varnishes. Continued
- Brushes For Varnishing For spirit varnishes, camel's-hair pencils and brushes are used, the sizes of which vary from one-quarter to three-quarters of an inch diameter, according to the size of the wo...
- Rubbing
- This part of the finishing process is that which gives to the varnish when laid upon the wood a degree of smoothness not otherwise attainable; for by the use of the brush alone, minute furrows and rid...
- Flowing And Polishing
- Flowing Flowing is the process of giving the work, after it has been properly prepared, a coat of varnish made expressly for that purpose, called flowing varnish. Veneered panels are usually finished...
- Varieties Of Finish
- The processes of finishing having been described, it now remains to explain varieties of finishing in use; these are largely derived from the peculiar qualities of the different varnishes used, for fu...
- Ebony Finish
- This finish is usually applied to cherry, or other light-colored woods having little grain. The ebony appearance is produced by the use of a stain, various receipts for which will be found under the h...
- French Polishing
- This is a method of varnishing by rubbing the varnish upon the surface of the wood instead of applying it with brushes. When varnish is applied simply with a brush, a comparatively uneven surface resu...
- French Polishing. Continued
- The Genuine French-Polish To one pint of spirits of wine add a quarter of an ounce of gum-copal, a quarter of an ounce of gum-Arabic, and one ounce of shellac. Let the gums be well bruised, and sift...
- Staining
- Staining is the process of imparting to the surface of wood a color different from its natural one. It consists of two varieties, surface-staining and body-staining. In the former, as the name implies...
- Staining. Part 2
- Brown Stain Boil 1 lb. of the brown pigment called Terre de Cassel with 4 quarts of water, until it is reduced one-third. Mix two ounces (Troy) of white potash with sufficient water to dissolve it. a...
- Staining. Part 3
- Cherry Stain Mix together, by stirring, 1 quart of spirits of turpentine, 1 pint of varnish, and 1 lb. of dry burnt sienna; apply with a brush, and after it has been on about five minutes wipe it off...
- Dyeing Wood
- Dyeing wood is mostly applied for the purpose of veneers, while staining is more generally had recourse to to give the desired color to the article after it has been manufactured. In the one case, the...
- Dyeing Wood. Part 2
- Another Throw pieces of quicklime into soft water; stir it well; when settled, strain or pour off the clear part; then to every gallon add ten or twelve ounces of the best turnsole; put the whole int...
- Dyeing Wood. Part 3
- Another Boil 2 lbs. of logwood, either in chips or powder, in 4 gallons of water, with the veneers; after boiling till the color is well struck in, add by degrees vitriolated indigo (see page 44) til...
- Gilding, Silvering And Bronzing
- Gilding, Silvering and Bronzing are processes of applying to previously prepared surfaces a thin layer of gold or silver leaf, or in bronzing, of a fine powder, prepared from various metals and intend...
- Gilding. Part 2
- Oil-Size For Oil-Gilding Grind calcined red-ochre with the best and oldest drying-oil. When desired for use, add sufficient oil of turpentine to make it work freely. Parchment-Size For preparing ...
- Gilding. Part 3
- Bumisll-Gilding As previously stated, this process requires a specially prepared foundation upon which to lay the gold, and as the preparation of this foundation is a distinct trade, the furniture de...
- Gilding, Silvering And Bronzing. Part 4
- Burnishing When the work is covered with gold, set it by to dry; there is a particular state or degree of dryness, known only by experience in which the moulding is in a fit state for burnishing; it ...
- Gilding, Silvering And Bronzing. Part 5
- How To Manipulate Gold Leaf Get a piece of paper, thin enough to show shadow of gold-leaf through, slightly wax it, lay it on gold-leaf, the latter will then adhere, and can be easily worked, and wil...
- Graining And Color Work
- Graining This is a variety of painting by which the grain, color or texture of different woods is imitated. Considerable experience is necessary to produce satisfactory results, the mixing of the col...
- Graining And Color Work. Part 2
- Graining Grounds Subjoined are a few recipes for mix ing ground colors. Light Wainscot Oak White lead and yellow ochre, mixed to the required tint. Some grainers prefer a perfectly white ground f...
- Graining And Color Work. Part 3
- Oil For Graining Oak Grind Vandyke brown in turpentine, add as much gold-size as will set, and as much soft soap as will make it stand the comb. Should it set too quickly, add a little boiled oil. Pu...
- Graining And Color Work. Part 4
- How To Imitate Rosewood Mix vermilion and a small quantity of white lead for the ground.Take rose-pink, tinged with a little lampblack or Vandyke brown, and grind very fine in oil, then take a flat g...
- Graining And Color Work. Part 5
- Satinwood This ground is prepared with white lead, stone ochre, and small quantities of chrome yellow and burnt sienna. The graining color is one-third of raw sienna and whiting, ground in pale ale, ...
- Graining And Color Work. Part 6
- How To Imitate Granite For the ground color, stain your white lead to a light lead-color, with lampblack and a little rose-pink. Throw on black spots, with a graniting machine, a pale red, and fill u...
- Graining And Color Work. Part 7
- Cream Color Chrome yellow, the best Venetian red, and white lead. Pearl-Grey White lead with equal portions of Prussian blue and lampblack. The blue must be used very cautiously, as it is a power...
- Graining And Color Work. Part 8
- Tones Often called shades, signify colors mixed with either white or black. Tints are colors mixed with white. Shades are colors mixed with black. Tempera is a mixture of powdered colors with gum-...
- Varnishes
- Varnishes are solutions of the various resins, commonly called gums, in either oil, turpentine, or alcohol. The gums principally applied are amber, anime, copal, lac, sandarac, mastic, damar and commo...
- Varnishes. Part 2
- Spirit Varnishes Lac and sandarac are more soluble than the above resins, and are generally dissolved in spirits of wine; but sometimes the pyroligneous spirit, commonly known as vegetable naptha, is...
- Varnishes. Part 3
- The Solvents Linseed-oil is extensively employed as a vehicle for the harder resins, to which it imparts softness and toughness, but causes the varnish to dry slowly; and unless the oil is of the pur...
- Varnishes. Part 4
- Preparation Of Oil Varnishes The preparation of oil varnishes requires the application of considerable heat, and owing to this and the highly inflammable nature of the materials, the process is atten...
- Varnishes. Part 5
- Copal Varnish For Fine Paintings, Etc Fuse eight pounds of the very cleanest pale African gum copal, and, when completely run fluid, pour in two gallons of hot oil; let it boil until it will string v...
- Varnishes. Part 6
- Best Body Copal Varnish For Polishing Fuse eight pounds of fine African gum-copal, add two gallons of clarified oil; boil it very slowly for four or five hours, until quite stringy, and mix it off wi...
- Varnishes. Part 7
- Preparation Of Spirit And Turpentine Varnishes In the preparation of spirit and turpentine varnishes, scarcely any apparatus is required; as, generally speaking, the process is almost limited to mixi...
- Varnishes. Part 8
- Best White Hard Spirit Varnish Best White Hard Spirit Varnish, to bear polishing, is made by adding two pounds of the best picked gum sandarac to one gallon of spirit of wine; they are then shaken up...
- Varnishes. Part 9
- Bleached Shellac When a lighter-colored lac varnish, or polish is required than can be made with the palest ordinary shell-lac, the bleached lac, sold under the name of white lac, may be employed wit...
- Varnishes. Part 10
- Colored Lacquers Lacquers are frequently required to be colored, either of yellow or red tints. For yellow tints, turmeric, cape aloes, saffron, or gamboge are employed; and for red tints, annotto an...
- Varnishes. Part 11
- Turpentine Varnish Turpentine Varnish is made with four pounds of common resin dirsolved in one gallon of oil of turpentine. It requires no other preparation than sufficient warmth to dissolve the re...
- Varnishes. Part 12
- Sealing-wax Varnish Sealing-wax Varnish, for coating parts of electrical machines, and similar purposes, is made by dissolving two and a half pounds of good red sealing-wax and one and a half pound o...
- Polish Revivers, Etc
- French Polish Reviver 1/2 pint linseed-oil, 1 oz. spirits of camphor, 2 ozs. vinegar, 1/2 oz. butter of antimony, 1/4 oz. of spirits of hartshorn. Another 1 lb. of naphtha, 4 oz. of shellac, 1/4 ...
- Glue
- Glue is prepared from waste pieces of skin, horns, hoofs, and other animal offal. These are steeped, washed, boiled, strained, melted, reboiled and cast into square cakes, which are then dried. The st...
- Glue. Continued
- How To Prevent Glue Cracking Glue frequently cracks because of the dryness of the air in rooms warmed by stoves. The addition of chloride of calcium to glue will prevent this disagreeable property of...
- Glue Pot
- A glue pot recently perfected consists of a circular kerosene lamp, made of tin, resting upon a tin bottom 8 1/2 inches in diameter. The lamp is fitted with a tin chimney in place of glass, and fitted...
- How To Make Paste For Laying Cloth Or Leather
- To a pint of the best wheaten flour add resin, very finely powdered, about two large spoonfuls; of alum, one spoonful, in powder; mix them all well together, put them into a pan. and add by degrees so...
- Embossed Gilding For Illuminating
- Gilding of figures and letters on paper and for the embellishment of manuscripts, is performed with shell gold tempered with gum water; or the characters may be drawn with a milky solution of gum annu...
- Miscellaneous Receipts
- How To Raise Old Veneers First, wash the surface with boiling water, and, with a coarse cloth, remove dirt or grease; then place it before the fire, or heat it with a caul; oil its surface with commo...
- Miscellaneous Receipts. Part 2
- Cements For Stopping Flaws In Wood Put any quantity of fine sawdust of the same wood your work is made with into an earthen pan, and pour boiling water on it, stir it well, and let it remain for a we...
- Miscellaneous Receipts. Part 3
- How To Temper Tools The quality of the steel should be uniform throughout; indeed, it is always better to have them tempered rather too hard than soft, for use will reduce the temper. If at any time ...
- Miscellaneous Receipts. Part 4
- How To Remedy Splits In Circular Saws Three methods: Drill a small hole in the saw at the bottom of the split. Drill six holes about 1/4 inch in diameter, along the line of the crack, taking care t...
- Miscellaneous Receipts. Part 5
- How To Mark Tools Coat over the tools with a thin layer of wax or hard tallow, by first warming the steel and rubbing on the wax; warm until it flows and let it cool. When hard, mark the name through...
- Miscellaneous Receipts. Part 6
- How To Prevent Belts Slipping A piece of rubber belting fastened around the belt pulley of an engine will keep the belt from slipping. Rasps A farrier's rasp is an excellent tool for preparing a ...
- Miscellaneous Receipts. Part 7
- Bronzing On Metal The article must be chemically cleaned up, brushing with a mixture of fine pumice in dilute sulphuric acid, rinsed in pure water and dried. The bronze liquor must be applied quickly...
- Miscellaneous Receipts. Part 8
- Another Mix with 1/4 pint of soap-lees, 1/2 a gill of turpentine, sufficient pipe clay and bullock's gall to make the whole into a rather thick paste. Apply it to the marble with a soft brush, and af...
- Miscellaneous Receipts. Part 9
- Cleaning Engravings Put the engraving on a smooth board, cover it thinly with common salt finely powdered. Squeeze lemon juice upon the salt so as to dissolve a considerable portion of it; elevate on...
- Miscellaneous Receipts. Part 10. Staining
- How To Stain Horn In Imitation Of Tortoise Shell Mix an equal quantity of quicklime and red lead with strong soap lees, lay it on the horn with a small brush, in imitation of the mottle of tortoise...
- Miscellaneous Receipts. Part 11
- How To Bleach Ivory Take a double handful of lime, and slake it by sprinkling it with water; then add three pints of water, and stir the whole together; let it settle ten minutes, and pour the water ...
- Miscellaneous Receipts. Part 12
- How To Restore The Elasticity Of Cane-Chair Bottoms Turn up the chair bottoms, and with a hot water and sponge wash the cane work well, so that it may be well soaked; should it be dirty you must add ...
- Miscellaneous Receipts. Part 13
- Removing Oil Stains From Tiles You can remove oil stains from tiles completely by mixing fuller's earth into a thick paste with water, and spreading it over the tiles, letting it remain twenty-four h...
- Miscellaneous Receipts. Part 14
- How To Remove Ink Stains Ink stains may be removed from a mahogany table by putting a few drops of spirits of nitre into a teaspoonful of water, and touching the part stained with a feather dipped in...
- Miscellaneous Receipts. Part 15
- Putty Painters use various kinds of putty, using varnish, japan, oil, keg lead, dry lead, red lead, whiting, zinc white, umber, yellow ochre, etc., in the composition of the various kinds. In mixing ...
- Miscellaneous Receipts. Part 16
- Mordants For Staining Wood Sulphuric acid, more or less diluted, according to the intensity of the color to be produced, is applied with a brush to the wood, previously cleaned and dried. A lighter o...
- Miscellaneous Receipts. Part 17
- Violin Varnish The Scientific American gives the following formula for preparing a beautiful varnish for violins : Rectified alcohol, half gallon; add six ounces gum sandarac, three ounces gum mastic...
- Miscellaneous Receipts. Part 18
- Black Stain For Immediate Use Boil 1/2 lb. of chip logwood in 2 quarts of water, add 1 oz. of pearlash, and apply it hot to the work with a brush. Then take 1/2 lb. of logwood, boil it as before in 2...
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