To express the addition of the sounds ter, der, cher and ther, full sized consonants are made twice their usual length. Signs 69 to 90 in Exercise. . This principle is also taken advantage of by experienced phonographers to represent the addition of the words their and there. This doubling principle may also be employed to add the sounds of ker and ger to Ing, and the sounds of per and ber to M. Signs 99 to 103. In applying this doubling principle to the heavy consonants B, D, etc., as in such words as debtor, be careful, throughout the entire length of the double letter, to preserve the heavy stroke, as in sign 70, in order that it may not be taken for the word deity, sign 71.

When, in a sentence, any of the syllables ter, der, cher or ther is immediately followed by either of the words their or there, the syllable and word may be sometimes together represented by tripling the preceding consonant, as in signs 91, 93, 95, 97 and 98. This principle of doubling and tripling consonants is, of course, not applicable to any of the small letters of the Visible Alphabet, excepting Way and Whay, it being applied to those last named letters in the manner shown by signs 87 to 91 in Exercise. Consonants, when made double and triple size, indicate the invisible vowel by the first half of their outline, the vowel O of the word bol der being shown by the position of the first half of sign 69, the position of the second half of that outline taking no part in invisible vowel indication.