Up,party,patent Hope

Be,been,object To be Time,what It,take At,out,took Dollar Do

Had,today,to do do Each

Which,change Much,charge Jesus Advantage Large Your Our, hour Kingdom, common Can,came Country, come

Give-n Together

If,off

For,4,4th,form

Far,fact

From

Form

Ever

Have,five

However

Value

Think

Them

Though,thank

Either,author

Other

Wish

Shall,usual-ly

Issue

Us,use (meaning of use)

Use (pronounced uze)

Will

Am

Him,make

Home

Important-ce

Improve-d-ment

In,any,never

Thing,long

Language

Young

With

Were, 1

Would

Where

When

Year

You

Beyond

Yet

Yes

Yes sir

Is,his

As,has, the cipher

Was

Is it

First,as it,has it

Was it

In the list of Common Abbreviations on opposite page, the student is introduced to the representation of entire words by writing only a portion of their outline, the words in the foregoing list being represented mostly by only one shorthand letter - in some cases the first, as T for take; in other cases the last, as Ch for which; and, in still other cases, an intermediate letter, as Gay for together.

This method of abbreviation is quite as important to the rapid writer as the list of Word-Signs given in a preceding lesson, besides being more easily committed to memory, because of the fact that a part of each word is actually written, and not represented by arbitrary characters peculiar to the Word Signs. These Common Abbreviations are easily read, because frequently met with in sentences, and also because these simple word-abbreviations conduce greatly to easy and legible phrasing.

The sign for was, the student must bear in mind, can only be joined to other words in its proper position, under the line of writing, a rule equally applicable to the signs for to be, to do, and any third place or first place word-abbreviation. It is only a few of the second place word-abbreviations which can, when phrased, be written out of position, and when not phrased even those must have proper position. The words in this list with which this liberty may be taken are up, be or been, it, do, which, for, from, have, them, shall, will and you, and even these only where shown in the Exercises.

The circle S or Z can be added to any of the abbreviations of the foregoing list, in the manner indicated in signs 2, 4 and 6 in Exercise.

There is only one point in which the above word-abbreviations do not agree with previously described principles-i. e., in their place positions. They are not all placed in position in accordance with their visible vowel elements. This is because some of them take their positions in accordance with the importance of the words they represent, those words which are apt to occur most frequently being placed on the line simply because it is the easiest position in which to write, and hence enables the phonographer to write them much more quickly than would be possible were they placed in the position which their vowel sounds would have placed them. Words so placed out of position are, however, only those which the student will find no difficulty in recognizing in their new positions, after once memorizing them, as with the word-signs. Where an abbreviation in the foregoing, or any list of word-abbreviations, has laced opposite it two or more words, each word separated by a comma (as with the first and third abbreviations in the foregoing list), the abbreviation in question may separately represent either word, but only one of the words at a time. Where two or more words, placed opposite a phonographic abbreviation, are not separated by a comma (as with the fourth abbreviation in the foregoing list), the abbreviation in question represents all words opposite it at one and the same time. Finally, when, opposite a phonographic abbreviation, three or more words appear, the words being separated by commas in some instances and not in others (as with the abbreviation for first, near the end of preceding list), then the abbreviation is intended to represent, at one and the same time, any group of words not so separated, but not more at a time.

There are occasions when the words is, his and similar words represented by the circle S, may be indicated by enlarging the S-circle of a preceding word, as in signs 57 and 101 in Exercise. Similarly the circle S, which, in this word-abbreviation list, represents either is or his, would represent both words if made into a large .Sez-circle, as in sign 69. As has and was as would be formed on the same plan, as per signs 71 and 73.

As the letter T is used as a word-abbreviation for take in the foregoing list, it is therefore allowable to represent taken by the addition of the hook N to the letter T, as in signs 39 and 40 in Exercise. This brings us to a very important principle in rapid writing, respecting the extension of the use of the word-abbreviations. In our list is presented only the root word, it being expected that the student will, from those word-abbreviations as a base, build other abbreviations by simply adding the different terminations which distinguish the same family of words. For instance, just as the letter Chay in sign 8 represents the word charge, so it is allowable and expected that the word charges (sign 9) be formed by adding a circle to the sign for charge, and the syllable dis be added to the sign for charge when the word discharge is desired to be written, as in sign 10. On the same principle the words larger and largest are built from large, signs 11, 12 and 13; hourly is built from our, signs 23 and 25; objects, objector, objection and objective from object, signs 34 to 38, inclusive; and hundreds of other word-abbreviations arrived at in a manner which gives the student the key note to the thousands of word signs which other authors put in their dictionaries in a way which requires years to memorize them, but which, on this plan, without any dictionary, enables the student to write them on sight as soon as he or she becomes familiar with our lessons. Authority, sign 109, is thus formed from author, etc.